During what phase of flight should flaps be properly adjusted?

Flaps are critical in adjusting the aircraft's aerodynamic characteristics during specific phases of flight, primarily to enhance performance during takeoff and landing.

During takeoff, extending flaps allows the aircraft to achieve lift at a lower speed, enabling it to become airborne more efficiently. This is especially vital for shorter runways or when the aircraft is carrying a heavy load. The flaps also assist in achieving a higher angle of attack without stalling, facilitating a safer climb.

Similarly, during landing, flaps play a crucial role by increasing drag and lowering the stall speed, allowing for a slower approach to the runway. This aids in controlling descent rates, enabling the aircraft to land safely and within the confines of the runway.

Adjusting flaps during other phases such as cruising or taxiing is not part of standard operating procedures, as their primary function is related to takeoff and landing maneuvers where lift and drag characteristics must be carefully managed.